Levels of Development (LOD) are a standardized system used to establish the level of detail and accuracy required in a building information model (BIM) at various project stages. This framework promotes effective communication and teamwork by defining the specific information necessary for design, coordination, manufacturing, and facility maintenance.
The Six Levels of Development (LOD)
The American Institute of Architects (AIA) and the Associated General Contractors of America have established a commonly used LOD framework that breaks down the building model into specific levels:
LOD 100–conceptual design: At this stage, the model represents the basic shape and size of elements without detailed information. It’s used to convey the overall design intent.
LOD 200–schematic design: The model becomes more refined, incorporating approximate quantities, sizes, shapes and locations of elements. It helps in analysing spatial relationships and early design concepts.
LOD 300–detailed design: In this phase, the model includes geometric information, specific sizes, shapes and detailed object components. It’s used for producing construction documents and coordinating different disciplines.
LOD 350–construction documentation: The model includes detailed assemblies and fabrication or construction-level information. It’s used for generating construction documents and shop drawings.
LOD 400–fabrication and assembly: This level involves the creation of detailed models with specific assemblies and connections, suitable for fabrication and assembly purposes.
LOD 500–as-built or facility management: The model at this stage includes information about the installed and operational elements of the building, reflecting real-world conditions for maintenance and facility management.
LOD 600: BIM model with linked operational data for performance analysis.
Remember: The appropriate LOD level depends on the project stage and specific requirements. By understanding and applying LOD standards, teams can ensure effective communication, collaboration, and project success.
How is BIM involved in Levels of Development (LOD)?
Building information modelling (BIM) and Levels of Development (LOD) are closely intertwined in AEC. BIM forms the digital backbone for LOD implementation, enabling creation, management and sharing of detailed digital representations of building elements. LOD establish a framework that specifies the depth of detail and accuracy to be included in BIM models at various project stages.
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